LINUX Commands - real world (as found in Cygwin)

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  to get and install cygwin on your home system, see:  https://cygwin.com/ 
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  alias    Create an alias   ( ex:  alias ll="ls -al" )
  awk      Find and Replace text, database sort/validate/index
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  bash     GNU Bourne-Again SHell 
#  bg   Send to background - related to jobs - not something useful for cygwin
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  cal      Display a calendar
  cat      Concatenate and print (display) the content of files
  cd       Change Directory
  chmod    Change access permissions
  chown    Change file owner and group
#  chkconfig System services (runlevel) - not in cygwin
  clear    Clear terminal screen
  cmp      Compare two files
  command  Run a command - ignoring shell functions 
  cp       Copy one or more files to another location
  cut      Divide a file into several parts
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  date     Display or change the date & time
#   dd       Convert and copy a file, write disk headers, boot records - not found
  df       Display free disk space
  diff     Display the differences between two files
#  dmesg    Print kernel & driver messages  - not found
  du       Estimate file space usage
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  echo     Display message on screen 
  eject    Eject removable media
  env      Environment variables
  exit     Exit the shell
  export   Set an environment variable
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#  fdisk    Partition table manipulator for Linux - not recommended
#  fg       Send job to foreground  - jobs related, not useful for cygwin
  file     Determine file type
  find     Search for files that meet a desired criteria
  free     Display memory usage
#   fsck     File system consistency check and repair - not found
#  fuser    Identify/kill the process that is accessing a file - not found
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  grep     Search file(s) for lines that match a given pattern
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  head     Output the first part of file(s)
  history  Command History
  hostname Print or set system name
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  ifconfig -->  ipconfig (microsoft command) Configure a network interface
#  ifdown   Stop a network interface  - not found
#  ifup     Start a network interface up - not found
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#  jobs     List active jobs  - not recommended, but there
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  kill     Stop a process from running - CAREFUL WITH THIS
#  killall  Kill processes by name - not found
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  less     Display output one screen at a time
  ln -s    Create a symbolic link to a file
  locate   Find files
  ls       List information about file(s) (ls -al)
  lsof     List open files
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  man      Help manual
  mkdir    Create new folder(s)
  more     Display output one screen at a time
  mount    Mount a file system
  mv       Move or rename files or directories
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  netstat  Networking information
  nice     Set the priority of a command or job
#  nohup    Run a command immune to hangups
  nslookup Query Internet name servers interactively
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o
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#   passwd   Modify a user password - NOT RECOMMENDED 
  ping     Test a network connection
  ps       Process status
  pwd      Print Working Directory
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  read     Read a line from standard input 
#  reboot   Reboot the system - DO NOT TRY THIS... will reboot your PC!!!
  rm       Remove files
#   rsync    Remote file copy (Synchronize file trees) - not found
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#  scp      Secure copy (remote file copy) - not found
  sed      Stream Editor
#  shutdown Shutdown or restart linux - not recommended
  sleep    Delay for a specified time
  sort     Sort text files
#  ssh      Secure Shell client (remote login program) - use putty...
#  su       Substitute user identity - not found
#  sudo     Execute a command as another user - not found
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  tail     Output the last part of file
  tar      Store, list or extract files in an archive
  tee      Redirect output to multiple files
  test     Evaluate a conditional expression
  time     Measure Program running time
  touch    Change file timestamps
  top      List processes running on the system
  traceroute --> tracert (Microsoft command)  Trace Route to Host
  tr       Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters
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#  ulimit   Limit user resources 
  umask    Users file creation mask
  umount   Unmount a device
  unalias  Remove an alias 
  uname    Print system information
  uniq     Uniquify files
#  uptime   Show uptime - not found
#  useradd  Create new user account - not found
#  userdel  Delete a user account - not found
#  usermod  Modify user account - not found
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  vi       Text Editor
#  vmstat   Report virtual memory statistics - not found
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# w       uptime info - not found
  wc       Print byte, word, and line counts
  whereis  Search the user's $path, man pages and source files for a program
  which    Search the user's $path for a program file
  while    Execute commands
  who      Print all usernames currently logged in
  whoami   Print the current user id and name (`id -un')
#  wget     Retrieve web pages or files via HTTP, HTTPS or FTP - not found
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  xargs    Execute utility, passing constructed argument list(s)
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  zip      Package and compress (archive) files.
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  .        Run a command script in the current shell
  !!       Run the last command again
  ###      Comment / Remark
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