#  is your system running initd or systemd?
------------------------------------------------------------
1) ls -al /sbin/init 

	if:    -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 150352  Mar 20  2012  /sbin/init  
		then you're running initd 

	if:    lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 26 Mar  2 19:00 /sbin/init -> ../usr/lib/systemd/systemd
		then you're running systemd
------------------------------------------------------------
2)  or, --> ps -ef | grep systemd
root       233     1  0 Apr06 ?        00:00:03 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-journald
root       263     1  0 Apr06 ?        00:00:03 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-udevd
message+   614     1  0 Apr06 ?        00:00:15 /bin/dbus-daemon --system --address=systemd: --nofork --nopidfile --systemd-activation
root       631     1  0 Apr06 ?        00:00:00 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-logind
john      1710     1  0 Apr06 ?        00:00:00 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --user
root     27587 19681  0 12:48 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto systemd


 Boot up process overview 




Legacy SysV init scripts.
 
Bourne Shell scripts that reside in /etc/rc.d/init.d/ 
and called with standardized arguments (verbs) such as start, stop or restart 


To find out the sizes of init scripts: (number of lines)
	for x in `ls -s`; do  echo $x ; cat $x | wc -l; done | tee -a /root/init-file-sizes.txt
  or:   for x in `ls -rSF  | grep -v /`; do echo $x ; cat $x | wc -l; done 
  or:   find . -type f -exec wc -l {} \; | sort

One of the smallest one found using the commands above:
-->  more /etc/init.d/powerfail

#! /bin/sh
# Copyright (c) 1996-2002 SuSE Linux AG, Nuernberg, Germany.
# All rights reserved.
#
# Author: Florian La Roche, 1996
#	  Werner Fink , 1996,2000
#
# Please send feedback to http://www.suse.de/feedback
#
# /etc/init.d/powerfail
#
# This script is run when the UPS tells the system
# the power has gone. Tell everybody, sync the disks
# and drop into single user mode within two minutes.
# This script is also being run when the power comes
# up again (if it does in time!)
#

trap "echo" SIGINT SIGSEGV SIGTERM

POWERFAIL='THE POWER IS FAILED! SYSTEM GOING DOWN! PLEASE LOG OFF NOW!'
POWERFAILNOW='THE POWER IS FAILED! LOW BATTERY - EMERGENCY SYSTEM SHUTDOWN!'
POWERISBACK='THE POWER IS BACK'

case "$1" in
    start)
	# don't allow users to login and go into single-user
	shutdown    +2  "$POWERFAIL"    <> /dev/console 1>&0 2>&0  &
	sync &
	;;
    now)
	# tell init to immediatelly halt the system
	shutdown -h now "$POWERFAILNOW" <> /dev/console 1>&0 2>&0  &
	sync &
	;;
    stop)
	# Stop any running shutdown
	shutdown -c now "$POWERISBACK"  <> /dev/console 1>&0 2>&0

	# allow users to log in
	rm -f /etc/nologin

	# if we're not single user, don't try to restore
	test "$RUNLEVEL" != "S" && exit 0

	# go back to previous runlevel
	if test -n "$PREVLEVEL" -a \
		   "$PREVLEVEL" != 0 -a "$PREVLEVEL" != 6
	then
	    init $PREVLEVEL
	else
	    # may not happen, but...
	    init -t5 S
	fi

	# allow users to log in
	rm -f /etc/nologin
	;;
    killups)
	POWERD_UPSPORT=""
	KILL_UPS_CMD=""
	if test -r /etc/powerd.conf -a -x /sbin/genpowerd ; then
	    while read key value ; do
		case "$key" in
		\#*|"")     ;;
		disabled)   echo 'powerd is disabled in /etc/powerd.conf!' | wall
			    break ;;
		serialline) POWERD_UPSPORT=${value} ; break ;;
		esac
	    done < /etc/powerd.conf
	    test -c $POWERD_UPSPORT || POWERD_UPSPORT=""
	    if test -n "$POWERD_UPSPORT" ; then
		KILL_UPS_CMD="/sbin/genpowerd -k $POWERD_UPSPORT eff-shutup"
	    fi
	    POWER_STATUS=/var/run/powerstatus
	fi
	#
	# Kill UPS inverter (in the case of genpowerd)
	#
	if test -n "$KILL_UPS_CMD" -a -r $POWER_STATUS ; then
	    read STATUS < $POWER_STATUS
	    case "$STATUS" in
		F|FAIL)
		    echo "Trying to kill UPS inverter"
		    $KILL_UPS_CMD
		    ;;
	    esac
	else
	    echo "Not implemented"
	fi
	;;
    *)
	echo "Usage: $0 {start|now|killups|stop}"
	exit 1
	;;
esac
exit 0
 

 the basic systemd service file - 3 parts
The init scripts are replaced by the systemd service file.  Instead of many lines of scripts,
the systemd service file has THREE parts:  UNIT, SERVICE, INSTALL:

	[Unit]
	Description=Description of what the service does #(a unit is a device, process or component)
	After=syslog.target # (what is the antecedent activity)
	
	[Service]
	ExecStart=/usr/sbin/somecommand
	Type=forking

	[Install]
	WantedBy=multi-user.target


The [Unit] section contains information about the service.  systemd manages system services,  
as well as devices, mount points, timer, and other system components.

The generic term for all these objects in systemd is a unit, and the [Unit] section encodes information about it.
=====================================================
[Service] encodes information about the service:

It contains all those settings that apply only to services, and not the other kinds of units systemd maintains (mount points, devices, timers, ...). 

Two settings are used here: 

ExecStart= takes the path to the binary to execute when the service shall be started up. 
And with Type= we configure how the service notifies the init system that it finished starting up. 

Since traditional Unix daemons do this by returning to the parent process after having forked off and initialized the background daemon 
we set the type to forking here. That tells systemd to wait until the start-up binary returns and then consider the processes still 
running afterwards the daemon processes.
------------------------------------------------


 example of systemd service file (sshd)
[/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants]
------------------------------------------------
--> more sshd.service
	[Unit]
	Description=OpenSSH Daemon
	After=network.target

	[Service]
	EnvironmentFile=/etc/sysconfig/ssh
	ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/sshd-gen-keys-start
	ExecStart=/usr/sbin/sshd -D $SSHD_OPTS
	ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID
	KillMode=process
	Restart=always
	
	[Install]
	WantedBy=multi-user.target


------------------------------------------------
--> cat man.systemd.special.txt

SYSTEMD.SPECIAL(7)                        systemd.special                       SYSTEMD.SPECIAL(7)
NAME
       systemd.special - Special systemd units
SYNOPSIS
       basic.target, bluetooth.target, ctrl-alt-del.target, cryptsetup.target, dbus.service,
       dbus.socket, default.target, display-manager.service, emergency.target, exit.target,
       final.target, getty.target, graphical.target, halt.target, hibernate.target,
       hybrid-sleep.target, initrd-fs.target, kbrequest.target, kexec.target, local-fs.target,
       local-fs-pre.target, multi-user.target, network.target, network-online.target,
       nss-lookup.target, nss-user-lookup.target, paths.target, poweroff.target, printer.target,
       reboot.target, remote-fs.target, remote-fs-pre.target, rescue.target,
       initrd-root-fs.target, rpcbind.target, runlevel2.target, runlevel3.target,
       runlevel4.target, runlevel5.target, shutdown.target, sigpwr.target, sleep.target,
       smartcard.target, sockets.target, sound.target, suspend.target, swap.target,
       sysinit.target, syslog.socket, system-update.target, time-sync.target, timers.target,
       umount.target, -.slice, system.slice, user.slice, machine.slice

DESCRIPTION
       A few units are treated specially by systemd. They have special internal semantics and cannot be renamed.

SPECIAL SYSTEM UNITS
       basic.target
           A special target unit covering basic boot-up.
           systemd automatically adds dependencies of the types Requires= and After= for this
           target unit to all services (except for those with DefaultDependencies=no).
           Usually this should pull-in all mount points, swap devices, sockets, timers, and path
           units and other basic initialization necessary for general purpose daemons.
... 


REMEMBER, Linux consists of files and processes... 
Linux consists of files which spawn and manage processes... initd is the "mother" of all processes... or was...
systemd attempts to improve, streamline, parallelize the older style init.d scripts.



--> systemctl  

UNIT                                                                       LOAD   ACTIVE SUB       DESCRIPTION
proc-sys-fs-binfmt_misc.automount                                          loaded active waiting   Arbitrary Executable File Formats File System Automount Point
sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:19.0-net-lan0.device                        loaded active plugged   82567V Gigabit Network Connection
sys-devices-pci0000:00-0....0-usb3-3\x2d2-3\x2d2:1.0-bluetooth-hci0.device loaded active plugged   /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1a.0/usb3/3-2/3-2:1.0/bluetooth/hci0
sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:1b.0-sound-card0.device                     loaded active plugged   82801I (ICH9 Family) HD Audio Controller
sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:1c.0-0000:01:00.0-net-radio.device          loaded active plugged   WiFi Link 5100 AGN
sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:1c.0-0000:01:00.0-net-radioB.device         loaded active plugged   WiFi Link 5100 AGN
sys-devices-pci0000:00-0...:1.0-host5-target5:0:0-5:0:0:0-block-sr0.device loaded active plugged   Optical_Drive_Controller
sys-devices-pci0000:00-0...host0-target0:0:0-0:0:0:0-block-sda-sda1.device loaded active plugged   Samsung_SSD_840_EVO_250GB

--------------------------------------------------------
--> systemctl -help

 systemctl [OPTIONS...] {COMMAND} ...

Query or send control commands to the systemd manager.

  -h --help           Show this help
     --version        Show package version
  -t --type=TYPE      List only units of a particular type
     --state=STATE    List only units with particular LOAD or SUB or ACTIVE state
  -p --property=NAME  Show only properties by this name
  -a --all            Show all loaded units/properties, including dead/empty
                      ones. To list all units installed on the system, use the 'list-unit-files' command instead.
     --reverse        Show reverse dependencies with 'list-dependencies'
  -l --full           Don't ellipsize unit names on output
     --fail           When queueing a new job, fail if conflicting jobs are pending
     --irreversible   When queueing a new job, make sure it cannot be implicitly cancelled
     --ignore-dependencies
                      When queueing a new job, ignore all its dependencies
     --show-types     When showing sockets, explicitly show their type
  -i --ignore-inhibitors
                      When shutting down or sleeping, ignore inhibitors
     --kill-who=WHO   Who to send signal to
  -s --signal=SIGNAL  Which signal to send
  -H --host=[USER@]HOST
                      Show information for remote host
  -P --privileged     Acquire privileges before execution
  -q --quiet          Suppress output
     --no-block       Do not wait until operation finished
     --no-wall        Don't send wall message before halt/power-off/reboot
     --no-reload      When enabling/disabling unit files, don't reload daemon
                      configuration
     --no-legend      Do not print a legend (column headers and hints)
     --no-pager       Do not pipe output into a pager
     --no-ask-password
                      Do not ask for system passwords
     --system         Connect to system manager
     --user           Connect to user service manager
     --global         Enable/disable unit files globally
     --runtime        Enable unit files only temporarily until next reboot
  -f --force          When enabling unit files, override existing symlinks
                      When shutting down, execute action immediately
     --root=PATH      Enable unit files in the specified root directory
  -n --lines=INTEGER  Numer of journal entries to show
  -o --output=STRING  Change journal output mode (short, short-monotonic,
                      verbose, export, json, json-pretty, json-sse, cat)

Unit Commands:
  list-units                      List loaded units
  list-sockets                    List loaded sockets ordered by address
  start [NAME...]                 Start (activate) one or more units
  stop [NAME...]                  Stop (deactivate) one or more units
  reload [NAME...]                Reload one or more units
  restart [NAME...]               Start or restart one or more units
  try-restart [NAME...]           Restart one or more units if active
  reload-or-restart [NAME...]     Reload one or more units if possible,
                                  otherwise start or restart
  reload-or-try-restart [NAME...] Reload one or more units if possible,
                                  otherwise restart if active
  isolate [NAME]                  Start one unit and stop all others
  kill [NAME...]                  Send signal to processes of a unit
  is-active [NAME...]             Check whether units are active
  is-failed [NAME...]             Check whether units are failed
  status [NAME...|PID...]         Show runtime status of one or more units
  show [NAME...|JOB...]           Show properties of one or more units/jobs or the manager
  set-property [NAME] [ASSIGNMENT...]
                                  Sets one or more properties of a unit
  help [NAME...|PID...]           Show manual for one or more units
  reset-failed [NAME...]          Reset failed state for all, one, or more units
  list-dependencies [NAME]        Recursively show units which are required
                                  or wanted by this unit or by which this unit is required or wanted

Unit File Commands:
  list-unit-files                 List installed unit files
  enable [NAME...]                Enable one or more unit files
  disable [NAME...]               Disable one or more unit files
  reenable [NAME...]              Reenable one or more unit files
  preset [NAME...]                Enable/disable one or more unit files
                                  based on preset configuration
  is-enabled [NAME...]            Check whether unit files are enabled

  mask [NAME...]                  Mask one or more units
  unmask [NAME...]                Unmask one or more units
  link [PATH...]                  Link one or more units files into
                                  the search path
  get-default                     Get the name of the default target
  set-default NAME                Set the default target

Job Commands:
  list-jobs                       List jobs
  cancel [JOB...]                 Cancel all, one, or more jobs

Snapshot Commands:
  snapshot [NAME]                 Create a snapshot
  delete [NAME...]                Remove one or more snapshots

Environment Commands:
  show-environment                Dump environment
  set-environment [NAME=VALUE...] Set one or more environment variables
  unset-environment [NAME...]     Unset one or more environment variables

Manager Lifecycle Commands:
  daemon-reload                   Reload systemd manager configuration
  daemon-reexec                   Reexecute systemd manager

System Commands:
  default                         Enter system default mode
  rescue                          Enter system rescue mode
  emergency                       Enter system emergency mode
  halt                            Shut down and halt the system
  poweroff                        Shut down and power-off the system
  reboot                          Shut down and reboot the system
  kexec                           Shut down and reboot the system with kexec
  exit                            Request user instance exit
  switch-root [ROOT] [INIT]       Change to a different root file system
  suspend                         Suspend the system
  hibernate                       Hibernate the system
  hybrid-sleep                    Hibernate and suspend the system


--> systemctl status ntpd.service
ntp.service - LSB: Network time protocol daemon (ntpd)
   Loaded: loaded (/etc/init.d/ntp)
  Drop-In: /run/systemd/generator/ntp.service.d
           └─50-insserv.conf-$time.conf
   Active: active (running) since Mon 2015-04-06 17:44:11 PDT; 22h ago
   CGroup: /system.slice/ntp.service
           └─1482 /usr/sbin/ntpd -p /var/run/ntp/ntpd.pid -g -u ntp:ntp -i /var/lib/ntp -c /etc/ntp.conf

########################################################################################

--> systemctl | grep active | wc -l
134

--> systemctl | grep active | tail
sockets.target                              loaded active active    Sockets
sound.target                                loaded active active    Sound Card
suspend.target                              loaded active active    Suspend
swap.target                                 loaded active active    Swap
sysinit.target                              loaded active active    System Initialization
time-sync.target                            loaded active active    System Time Synchronized
timers.target                               loaded active active    Timers
systemd-readahead-done.timer                loaded active elapsed   Stop Read-Ahead Data Collection 10s After Completed Startup
systemd-tmpfiles-clean.timer                loaded active waiting   Daily Cleanup of Temporary Directories
133 loaded units listed. Pass --all to see loaded but inactive units, too.

 systemd uses Cgroups to manage processes and retain parentage
--> ps xawf -eo pid,user,cgroup,args
###	 alias psc='ps xawf -eo pid,user,cgroup,args'
####		(vi .bashrc, add alias:  alias psc='ps xawf -eo pid,user,cgroup,args'  )
------------------------------------------------
--> ps xawf -eo pid,user,cgroup,args | head
  PID USER     CGROUP                      COMMAND
    2 root     -                           [kthreadd]
    3 root     -                            \_ [ksoftirqd/0]
    5 root     -                            \_ [kworker/0:0H]
    7 root     -                            \_ [migration/0]
    8 root     -                            \_ [rcuc/0]
    9 root     -                            \_ [rcub/0]
   10 root     -                            \_ [rcu_preempt]
   11 root     -                            \_ [rcu_bh]
   12 root     -                            \_ [rcu_sched]
------------------------------------------------
--> ps xawf -eo pid,user,cgroup,args | wc -l
193
------------------------------------------------
--> ps xawf -eo pid,user,cgroup,args | tail
20408 john     2:name=systemd:/user.slice/  \_ /usr/bin/gnomesu -c /sbin/yast2
20410 root     2:name=systemd:/user.slice/      \_ /usr/lib/libgnomesu/gnomesu-pam-backend 12 11 root /sbin/yast2
20436 root     2:name=systemd:/user.slice/          \_ /bin/bash /sbin/yast2
20450 root     2:name=systemd:/user.slice/              \_ /usr/lib/YaST2/bin/y2controlcenter-gnome
20455 root     2:name=systemd:/user.slice/ dbus-launch --autolaunch=40799e14bc544bc2b3166783a7f6be02 --binary-syntax --close-stderr
20456 root     2:name=systemd:/user.slice/ /bin/dbus-daemon --fork --print-pid 5 --print-address 7 --session
26046 root     2:name=systemd:/system.slic /sbin/ifplugd -i lan0 -f -I -b
26190 root     2:name=systemd:/system.slic wpa_supplicant -iradioB -c/var/run/wpa_supplicant-radioB.conf -Dnl80211,wext -P/var/run/wpa_supplicant/radioB.pid -B
26352 avahi-a+ 2:name=systemd:/system.slic avahi-autoipd: [radioB] sleeping  
26353 root     2:name=systemd:/system.slic  \_ avahi-autoipd: [radioB] callout dispatcher

--> systemd-cgls --help
systemd-cgls [OPTIONS...] [CGROUP...]

Recursively show control group contents.

  -h --help           Show this help
     --version        Show package version
     --no-pager       Do not pipe output into a pager
  -a --all            Show all groups, including empty
  -l --full           Do not ellipsize output
  -k                  Include kernel threads in output
  -M --machine        Show container
------------------------------------------------
--> systemd-cgls | head
├─user.slice
│ └─user-1000.slice
│   ├─session-c1.scope
│   │ ├─10429 /usr/NX/bin/nxnode.bin
│   │ └─10512 /usr/NX/bin/nxclient.bin --monitor --pid 1712
│   ├─session-1.scope
│   │ ├─  615 systemd-cgls
│   │ ├─  620 head
│   │ ├─ 1697 -:0
│   │ ├─ 1712 /usr/bin/ck-launch-session /usr/bin/ssh-agent /etc/X11/xinit/xi...
------------------------------------------------
--> systemd-cgls | wc -l
163
------------------------------------------------
--> systemd-cgls | tail
  │ └─1682 /usr/sbin/cron -n
  ├─dbus.service
  │ └─614 /bin/dbus-daemon --system --address=systemd: --nofork --nopidfile -...
  ├─cups.service
  │ └─2155 /usr/sbin/cupsd -f
  ├─system-getty.slice
  │ └─getty@tty1.service
  │   └─1457 /sbin/agetty --noclear tty1
  └─systemd-journald.service
    └─233 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-journald

------------------------------------------------
--> systemd-cgls -k             
#### (Note:  if there are funky symbols to the left... go to your browser "View" or "Terminal" settings and select "Set Encoding" to UNICODE.)
├─    2 [kthreadd]
├─    3 [ksoftirqd/0]
├─    5 [kworker/0:0H]
├─    7 [migration/0]
├─    8 [rcuc/0]
├─    9 [rcub/0]
├─   10 [rcu_preempt]
├─   11 [rcu_bh]
├─   12 [rcu_sched]
├─   13 [watchdog/0]
├─   14 [watchdog/1]
├─   15 [rcuc/1]
├─   16 [migration/1]
├─   17 [ksoftirqd/1]
├─   19 [kworker/1:0H]
├─   20 [khelper]
├─   21 [kdevtmpfs]
├─   22 [netns]
├─   23 [writeback]
├─   24 [kintegrityd]
├─   25 [bioset]
├─   26 [kblockd]
├─   27 [ata_sff]
├─   28 [khubd]
├─   29 [md]
├─   32 [khungtaskd]
├─   33 [kswapd0]
├─   34 [ksmd]
├─   35 [khugepaged]
├─   36 [fsnotify_mark]
├─   37 [crypto]
├─   42 [kthrotld]
├─   43 [scsi_eh_0]
├─   44 [scsi_eh_1]
├─   45 [scsi_eh_2]
├─   46 [scsi_eh_3]
├─   47 [scsi_eh_4]
├─   53 [kpsmoused]
├─   56 [deferwq]
├─   91 [kmpath_rdacd]
├─  119 [kworker/0:1H]
├─  121 [kworker/1:1H]
├─  192 [jbd2/sda6-8]
├─  193 [ext4-rsv-conver]
├─  194 [ext4-unrsv-conv]
├─  234 [kauditd]
├─  304 [cfg80211]
├─  309 [irq/45-iwlwifi]
├─  315 [scsi_eh_5]
├─  316 [usb-storage]
├─  318 [iwlwifi]
├─  387 [hd-audio0]
├─17693 [kworker/u5:0]
├─17695 [hci0]
├─17696 [hci0]
├─17701 [kworker/u5:1]
├─28323 [kworker/0:1]
├─29674 [kworker/1:2]
├─29678 [kworker/0:0]
├─29828 [kworker/u4:2]
├─29878 [kworker/u4:0]
├─29908 [kworker/1:1]
├─29983 [kworker/u4:1]
├─user.slice
│ └─user-1000.slice
│   ├─session-c1.scope
│   │ ├─10429 /usr/NX/bin/nxnode.bin
│   │ └─10512 /usr/NX/bin/nxclient.bin --monitor --pid 1712
│   ├─session-1.scope
│   │ ├─ 1697 -:0         
│   │ ├─ 1712 /usr/bin/ck-launch-session /usr/bin/ssh-agent /etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc
│   │ ├─ 1770 dbus-launch --sh-syntax --exit-with-session --close-stderr
│   │ ├─ 1771 /bin/dbus-daemon --fork --print-pid 5 --print-address 7 --session
│   │ ├─ 1773 ibus-daemon --xim -d




 activated vsftp...  using the GUI tool... however...
------------------------------------------------
########################################################################################
### using systemctl, tried to reload after adding a feature to /etc/vsftp.conf
####   the system is running the service, can FTP to it... but it's not right, need to restart it...
########################################################################################
--> systemctl reload vsftp.service
Failed to issue method call: Unit vsftp.service failed to load: No such file or directory.
------------------------------------------------
########################################################################################
#####   the status is not found... but it's running...  ???
########################################################################################
--> systemctl status vsftp.service
vsftp.service
   Loaded: not-found (Reason: No such file or directory)
   Active: inactive (dead)
------------------------------------------------
--> systemctl | grep ftp
vsftpd.service      loaded active running   Vsftpd ftp daemon
------------------------------------------------
--> systemctl 
UNIT                       LOAD   ACTIVE SUB       DESCRIPTION
...
vsftpd.service             loaded active running   Vsftpd ftp daemon
...
------------------------------------------------
########################################################################################
#   looking for the file(s)...  got those annoying gvfs errors... remembered 2>/dev/null... however...
########################################################################################
find . -type f -name vsftp* -print  ###   trying to get rid of "Permission denied" caused by gvfs...
	--> find . -type f -name vsftpd* -print | grep -v 4tb | grep -v "Permission denied"  2>/dev/null
	find: ‘./run/user/1002/gvfs’: Permission denied
	find: ‘./run/user/1000/gvfs’: Permission denied
########################################################################################
####   NOTE:  had to put the error redirect BEFORE the first pipe...
########################################################################################
--> find / -type f -name vsftpd*  2>/dev/null | grep -v 4tb | grep -v home | grep -v gvfs | grep -v EXAMPLE | grep -v share 
/etc/vsftpd.conf.orig-7apr2015   ###  backup copy BEFORE I tweaked the config...
/etc/xinetd.d/vsftpd
/etc/pam.d/vsftpd
/etc/vsftpd.conf
/etc/logrotate.d/vsftpd
/etc/sysconfig/SuSEfirewall2.d/services/vsftpd    ####   if services are blocked check for a firewall...
/var/lib/systemd/migrated/vsftpd@
/var/lib/systemd/migrated/vsftpd
/var/log/vsftpd.log
/usr/lib/systemd/system/vsftpd.service          ######  this is the file that should be used... and linked to in /etc/systemd
/usr/lib/systemd/system/vsftpd.socket
/usr/lib/systemd/system/vsftpd@.service
/usr/sbin/vsftpd
------------------------------------------------
########################################################################################
###  tweaking the config files for very secure ftd
########################################################################################
--> more /etc/xinetd.d/vsftpd
# default: off
# description:
#   The vsftpd FTP server serves FTP connections. It uses
#   normal, unencrypted usernames and passwords for authentication.
# vsftpd is designed to be secure.
#
# NOTE: This file contains the configuration for xinetd to start vsftpd.
#       the configuration file for vsftp itself is in /etc/vsftpd.conf
#
# NOTE: Remember to set both listen and listen_ipv6 to NO in /etc/vsftpd.conf
#       in order to have working xinetd connection.
#
service ftp
{
        socket_type             = stream
        protocol                = tcp
        wait                    = no
        user                    = root
        server                  = /usr/sbin/vsftpd
        server_args             = /etc/vsftpd.conf
#        log_on_success          += DURATION USERID
	log_on_success          += DURATION USERID
#        log_on_failure          += USERID
	log_on_failure          += USERID
#        nice                    = 10
	nice                    = 10
#        disable                 = yes
        disable                 = no
}
########################################################################################
###  this is the systemd service file for vsftpd.service
########################################################################################
------------------------------------------------
--> more /usr/lib/systemd/system/vsftpd.service
[Unit]
Description=Vsftpd ftp daemon
After=network.target

[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/sbin/vsftpd /etc/vsftpd.conf

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
########################################################################################################
###  the service file is NOT linkind in /etc/systemd/system... (but is in the multi-user.target.wants)
########################################################################################################
------------------------------------------------
 [/etc/systemd/system]
------------------------------------------------
--> ll
total 32
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov  6  2013 bluetooth.target.wants
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root   36 Nov  6  2013 cupsd.service -> /usr/lib/systemd/system/cups.service
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root   41 Nov  6  2013 dbus-org.bluez.service -> /usr/lib/systemd/system/bluetooth.service
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root   44 Nov  6  2013 dbus-org.freedesktop.Avahi.service -> /usr/lib/systemd/system/avahi-daemon.service
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root   44 Nov  6  2013 dbus-org.freedesktop.ModemManager1.service -> /usr/lib/systemd/system/ModemManager.service
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root   40 Oct 28 23:39 default.target -> /usr/lib/systemd/system/runlevel5.target
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 28 23:37 default.target.wants
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov  6  2013 getty.target.wants
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov  6  2013 graphical.target.wants
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Apr  7 20:43 multi-user.target.wants
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov  6  2013 printer.target.wants
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 28 23:27 sockets.target.wants
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root   39 Nov  6  2013 syslog.service -> /usr/lib/systemd/system/rsyslog.service
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov  6  2013 system-update.target.wants
------------------------------------------------
########################################################################################
###  so, I tried to fix by creating a symlink to the service file in /etc/systemd/system...  
########################################################################################
--> ln -s /usr/lib/systemd/system/vsftpd.service vsftpd.service
------------------------------------------------
[/etc/systemd/system]
------------------------------------------------
--> ll
total 32
...
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root   38 Apr  7 22:55 vsftpd.service -> /usr/lib/systemd/system/vsftpd.service
------------------------------------------------
######################################################################################################
####   that was suggested by: https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=155714  and seemed like a good idea...
####  suggested:  systemctl enable some.service .... 
####      didn't work, BUT did notice that it was symlinked in mutliuser.wants
## so... remove the link in /etc/systemd/system because it was linked and found by systemctl. 
--> rm vsftpd.service 
rm: remove symbolic link ‘vsftpd.service’? y
####  notice I did NOT use a -f, let the system default to its "-i" mode as configured by an alias
######################################################################################################
------------------------------------------------
 [/etc/systemd/system]
------------------------------------------------
--> ll multi-user.target.wants/
total 0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 44 Nov  6  2013 ModemManager.service -> /usr/lib/systemd/system/ModemManager.service
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 39 Oct 29 11:06 apache2.service -> /usr/lib/systemd/system/apache2.service
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 44 Nov  6  2013 avahi-daemon.service -> /usr/lib/systemd/system/avahi-daemon.service
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 36 Nov  6  2013 cron.service -> /usr/lib/systemd/system/cron.service
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 33 Nov  6  2013 cups.path -> /usr/lib/systemd/system/cups.path
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 39 Nov  6  2013 network.service -> /usr/lib/systemd/system/network.service
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 36 Nov  6  2013 nscd.service -> /usr/lib/systemd/system/nscd.service
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 36 Mar 31 22:58 nxserver.service -> /lib/systemd/system/nxserver.service
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 39 Nov  6  2013 postfix.service -> /usr/lib/systemd/system/postfix.service
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 45 Nov  6  2013 purge-kernels.service -> /usr/lib/systemd/system/purge-kernels.service
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 40 Nov  6  2013 remote-fs.target -> /usr/lib/systemd/system/remote-fs.target
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 39 Nov  6  2013 rsyslog.service -> /usr/lib/systemd/system/rsyslog.service
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 36 Oct 28 23:40 sshd.service -> /usr/lib/systemd/system/sshd.service
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 38 Apr  7 20:43 vsftpd.service -> /usr/lib/systemd/system/vsftpd.service
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 46 Nov  6  2013 wpa_supplicant.service -> /usr/lib/systemd/system/wpa_supplicant.service

#######################################################################################
###############  WARNING:  SYS ADMIN SIDE TRIP ######################################
###  while testing commands, tried status on sshd and found a failed login for root... say what?
####  my server is configured NOT to allow root login... (as should yours...)
####  so at first I did a reverse DNS lookup...  (look up the host by the IP address)
####  no host identified, so I did a traceroute... 
#### then... well... you'll see...
########################################################################################
--> systemctl status sshd.service
sshd.service - OpenSSH Daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/sshd.service; enabled)
   Active: active (running) since Mon 2015-03-16 19:35:20 PDT; 3 weeks 1 days ago
 Main PID: 1087 (sshd)
   CGroup: /system.slice/sshd.service
           ├─1087 /usr/sbin/sshd -D
           ├─5937 sshd: root [priv]
           ├─5938 sshd: root [net]
           └─5939 sshd: root [pam]

Apr 07 23:00:23 JohnMeister sshd[5927]: error: PAM: Authentication failure for root from 43.255.191.143
Apr 07 23:00:23 JohnMeister sshd[5927]: Received disconnect from 43.255.191.143: 11:  [preauth]
Apr 07 23:00:24 JohnMeister sshd[5934]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): authentication failure; logname= uid=0 euid=0 tty=ssh ruser= rhost=43.255.191.143  user=root
Apr 07 23:00:26 JohnMeister sshd[5932]: error: PAM: Authentication failure for root from 43.255.191.143
Apr 07 23:00:26 JohnMeister sshd[5935]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): authentication failure; logname= uid=0 euid=0 tty=ssh ruser= rhost=43.255.191.143  user=root
Apr 07 23:00:28 JohnMeister sshd[5932]: error: PAM: Authentication failure for root from 43.255.191.143
Apr 07 23:00:28 JohnMeister sshd[5936]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): authentication failure; logname= uid=0 euid=0 tty=ssh ruser= rhost=43.255.191.143  user=root
Apr 07 23:00:31 JohnMeister sshd[5932]: error: PAM: Authentication failure for root from 43.255.191.143
Apr 07 23:00:31 JohnMeister sshd[5932]: Received disconnect from 43.255.191.143: 11:  [preauth]
Apr 07 23:00:31 JohnMeister sshd[5939]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): authentication failure; logname= uid=0 euid=0 tty=ssh ruser= rhost=43.255.191.143  user=root
########################################################################################
------------------------------------------------
--> nslookup 43.255.191.143
Server:		8.8.8.8
Address:	8.8.8.8#53

** server can't find 143.191.255.43.in-addr.arpa.: NXDOMAIN
########################################################################################
------------------------------------------------
--> traceroute 43.255.191.143
traceroute to 43.255.191.143 (43.255.191.143), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
 1  75-146-49-226-Washington.hfc.comcastbusiness.net (75.146.49.226)  0.551 ms  3.206 ms  3.617 ms
 2  * * *
 3  te-0-0-0-14-sur02.everett.wa.seattle.comcast.net (68.85.240.145)  22.285 ms  23.350 ms  23.539 ms
 4  be-1-sur03.everett.wa.seattle.comcast.net (69.139.164.222)  23.704 ms  23.896 ms  23.786 ms
 5  he-0-15-0-1-ar01.seattle.wa.seattle.comcast.net (68.85.240.94)  24.326 ms be-29-ar01.seattle.wa.seattle.comcast.net (69.139.164.217)  24.065 ms he-0-13-0-0-ar01.seattle.wa.seattle.comcast.net (68.86.177.146)  24.580 ms
 6  be-33650-cr02.seattle.wa.ibone.comcast.net (68.86.93.165)  25.147 ms  15.867 ms  16.663 ms
 7  be-11021-cr01.sanjose.ca.ibone.comcast.net (68.86.85.197)  34.836 ms  35.076 ms  43.146 ms
 8  * * *
 9  he-0-11-0-1-pe03.11greatoaks.ca.ibone.comcast.net (68.86.85.242)  40.087 ms he-0-10-0-1-pe03.11greatoaks.ca.ibone.comcast.net (68.86.85.234)  41.077 ms he-0-11-0-1-pe03.11greatoaks.ca.ibone.comcast.net (68.86.85.242)  42.019 ms
10  66.208.216.42 (66.208.216.42)  43.481 ms  43.352 ms  35.044 ms
11  * * *
12  202.97.49.145 (202.97.49.145)  41.433 ms  41.360 ms  44.236 ms
13  203.14.186.2 (203.14.186.2)  43.272 ms  42.661 ms  41.216 ms
14  218.30.44.30 (218.30.44.30)  40.857 ms 218.30.44.10 (218.30.44.10)  39.101 ms 218.30.44.6 (218.30.44.6)  42.386 ms
15  43.255.191.143 (43.255.191.143)  39.524 ms  39.278 ms  38.628 ms
------------------------------------------------
#########################################################################################################
####   SIDE TRIP note:    googled the IP:  bingo... hacker... (no surprise...) in Japan, or Hong Kong...
### (there are constant attacks on linux systems, they try to log in with every name they can
#### think of, especially root... therefore you MUST have good passwords, and NOT allow root login.)
###  the IP address is well known... only blacklisted on a few sites... I didn't take the time to report
####  it because there wasn't a breach and others have already identifed it as a risk...
###  I checked three sites that come up via google  (Be VERY, VERY careful doing this... do NOT use 
####    a Microsoft System to search for this kind of info, and NEVER use Internet Explorer... ever...)
###  Even your Mozilla Firefox should have add-ons to block autoplay and flash and javascript...
#########################################################################################################
http://whois.ipchecker.info/43.255.191.143
	Whois Lookup IP 43.255.191.143
	Home » Whois Lookup IP 43.255.191.143 Whois Lookup for IP 43.255.191.143, 
	Detail IP Location in Hong Kong country, Region Asia - Eastern Asia, state, city, 
	Coordinates map have Latitude 22.25 and Longitude 114.1667. If you want call to Hong Kong use Calling Code 852. Currency in Hong Kong is HKD
---------------------------------------------------------------------
https://www.blocklist.de/en/view.html?ip=43.255.191.143  -->  Your Result to the Request IP: ** 43.255.191.143 **  109 matches
---------------------------------------------------------------------
http://www.anti-hacker-alliance.com/index.php?details=43.255.191.143
---------------------------------------------------------------------
	Checking 43.255.191.143 against 89 known blacklists...
	Listed 4 times with 0 timeouts 
		IP Address Information
		IP Address43.255.191.143
		Hostname43.255.191.143
		NetworkAsia Pacific Network Information Centre
		Country JP - JAPAN
		Latitude36 Longitude138
		IP Range 43.244.224.0 - 43.255.255.255
		IP NetworkAmerican Registry for Internet Numbers (ARIN)

IP Whois network Inetnum43.0.0.0 - 43.255.255.255 NameAPNIC-ERX-43
HandleNET-43-0-0-0-1 StatusEarly Registrations, Maintained by APNIC
Created1989-02-21 Changed2012-01-24
owner OrganizationAsia Pacific Network Information Centre
address StreetPO Box 3646 CitySouth Brisbane StateQLD Pcode4101 CountryAU
tech HandleAWC12-ARIN
NameAPNIC Whois Contact Phone+61 7 3858 3188 EmailSearch-apnic-not-arin@apnic.net abuse
HandleAWC12-ARIN 
NameAPNIC Whois Contact Phone+61 7 3858 3188
EmailSearch-apnic-not-arin@apnic.net
DisclaimerARIN WHOIS data and services are subject to the Terms of Use available at: https://www.arin.net/whois_tou.html
If you see inaccuracies in the results, please report at http://www.arin.net/public/whoisinaccuracy/index.xhtml

Query terms are ambiguous. The query is assumed to be: "n 43.255.191.143"
Use "?" to get help.
The following results may also be obtained via:
http://whois.arin.net/rest/nets;q=43.255.191.143?showDetails=true&showARIN=false&ext=netref2

DescThis IP address range is not registered in the ARIN database.  For details, refer to the APNIC Whois Database via
WHOIS.APNIC.NET or http://wq.apnic.net/apnic-bin/whois.pl ** IMPORTANT NOTE: APNIC is the Regional Internet Registry
for the Asia Pacific region. APNIC does not operate networks using this IP address range and is not able to investigate
spam or abuse reports relating to these addresses. For more help, refer to http://www.apnic.net/apnic-info/whois_search2/abuse-and-spamming
------------------------------------------------
########################################################################################
####  END SIDE TRIP - the life of a Sys Admin has many...  resuming the original problem...
########################################################################################
------------------------------------------------
 [/etc/systemd/system]
------------------------------------------------
--> systemctl list-unit-files | grep vsftp
vsftpd.service                             enabled 
vsftpd@.service                            static  
vsftpd.socket                              disabled
------------------------------------------------
########################################################################################
--> ftp server.com
Connected to server.com.
220 (vsFTPd 3.0.2)
Name (server.com:me): 
331 Please specify the password.
Password: 
230 Login successful.
Remote system type is UNIX.
Using binary mode to transfer files.
ftp> dir
229 Entering Extended Passive Mode (|||30062|).
150 Here comes the directory listing.
....  files shown 
226 Directory send OK.
ftp> cd bin
250 Directory successfully changed.
ftp> dir
229 Entering Extended Passive Mode (|||30045|).
150 Here comes the directory listing.
....  files shown 
226 Directory send OK.
ftp> get tree.txt
local: tree.txt remote: tree.txt
229 Entering Extended Passive Mode (|||30042|).
150 Opening BINARY mode data connection for tree.txt (248995 bytes).
100% |*************************************************243 KiB    5.36 MiB/s    00:00 ETA
500 OOPS: 421 Service not available, remote server has closed connection.
248995 bytes received in 00:00 (3.18 MiB/s)
ftp: No control connection for command
ftp> quit
------------------------------------------
########################################################################################
# perplexed... but it's working... but... not as I expected it too... the 500 OOPS: 421 Service error
###  suggests a configuration issue, further study with google is necessary... it's likely in my
###   /etc/vsftpd.conf file... I have several from other servers that I'll try later...  at this point
###  the service invoked this evening is working sufficiently to test an FTP activity from a camera to
### build a Time Lapse image via a crontab later...   
####   In addition, I need to continue researching to build a systemd service file
####  for the license server... remember the license server?  That was what started this quest for knowledge...
########################################################################################
###   at 0117 hrs... success... vsftp is working and passing tests...
### made some changes to /etc/xinet.d/vsftpd  and /etc/vsftpd.conf and then executed:
########################################################################################
--> systemctl restart vsftpd
########################################################################################
### and it worked...   not reload... restart... reload should have worked to reload
####     the configuration file... but the system service file suggests a restart.
########################################################################################
--> ftp server.com
Connected to server.com.
220 (vsFTPd 3.0.2)
Name (server.com:user): 
331 Please specify the password.
Password: 
230 Login successful.
Remote system type is UNIX.
Using binary mode to transfer files.
ftp> dir
229 Entering Extended Passive Mode (|||30011|).
150 Here comes the directory listing.
drwx------    2 1000     100          4096 Jan 01 17:09 Mail
-rwxr--r--    2 1000     100          4096 Jan 01 17:09 file.txt
226 Directory send OK.
ftp> get file.txt
local: file.txt remote: file.txt
229 Entering Extended Passive Mode (|||30068|).
150 Opening BINARY mode data connection for file.txt (1112 bytes).
100% |*****************************************1112      102.44 KiB/s    00:00 ETA
226 Transfer complete.
1112 bytes received in 00:00 (87.93 KiB/s)
ftp> quit
221 Goodbye.
########################################################################################
------------------------------------------------
--> find / -type f -name vsftpd* 2>/dev/null | grep -v 4tb | grep -v home
/etc/vsftpd.conf.orig-7apr2015
/etc/xinetd.d/vsftpd   ####  edited
/etc/pam.d/vsftpd
/etc/vsftpd.conf   ####  edited
/etc/logrotate.d/vsftpd
/etc/sysconfig/SuSEfirewall2.d/services/vsftpd
/var/lib/systemd/migrated/vsftpd@
/var/lib/systemd/migrated/vsftpd
/var/log/vsftpd.log
/usr/lib/systemd/system/vsftpd.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/vsftpd.socket
/usr/lib/systemd/system/vsftpd@.service
/usr/sbin/vsftpd
/usr/share/man/man5/vsftpd.conf.5.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/vsftpd.8.gz
/usr/share/doc/packages/vsftpd/EXAMPLE/VIRTUAL_USERS/vsftpd.pam
/usr/share/doc/packages/vsftpd/EXAMPLE/VIRTUAL_USERS/vsftpd.conf
/usr/share/doc/packages/vsftpd/EXAMPLE/INTERNET_SITE/vsftpd.conf
/usr/share/doc/packages/vsftpd/EXAMPLE/INTERNET_SITE/vsftpd.xinetd
/usr/share/doc/packages/vsftpd/EXAMPLE/INTERNET_SITE_NOINETD/vsftpd.conf
/usr/share/augeas/lenses/dist/vsftpd.aug
/usr/share/omc/svcinfo.d/vsftpd.xml
------------------------------------------------
########################################################################################

 links for further reading... 
links are not active, copy and paste
#1: Verifying Bootup http://0pointer.de/blog/projects/systemd-for-admins-1.html
#2: Which Service Owns Which Processes?  http://0pointer.de/blog/projects/systemd-for-admins-2.html
#3: How Do I Convert A SysV Init Script Into A systemd Service File?  http://0pointer.de/blog/projects/systemd-for-admins-3.html
#4: Killing Services http://0pointer.de/blog/projects/systemd-for-admins-4.html
#5: The Three Levels of "Off" http://0pointer.de/blog/projects/three-levels-of-off
#6: Changing Roots http://0pointer.de/blog/projects/changing-roots.html
#7: The Blame Game http://0pointer.de/blog/projects/blame-game.html
#8: The New Configuration Files http://0pointer.de/blog/projects/the-new-configuration-files
#9: On /etc/sysconfig and /etc/default http://0pointer.de/blog/projects/on-etc-sysinit.html
#10: Instantiated Services http://0pointer.de/blog/projects/instances.html
#11: Converting inetd Services http://0pointer.de/blog/projects/inetd.html
#12: Securing Your Services http://0pointer.de/blog/projects/security.html
#13: Log and Service Status http://0pointer.de/blog/projects/systemctl-journal.html
#14: The Self-Explanatory Boot http://0pointer.de/blog/projects/self-documented-boot.html
#15: Watchdogs http://0pointer.de/blog/projects/watchdog.html
#16: Gettys on Serial Consoles (and Elsewhere) http://0pointer.de/blog/projects/serial-console.html
#17: Using the Journal http://0pointer.de/blog/projects/journalctl.html
#18: Managing Resources http://0pointer.de/blog/projects/resources.html
#19: Detecting Virtualization http://0pointer.de/blog/projects/detect-virt.html
#20: Socket Activated Internet Services and OS Containers http://0pointer.de/blog/projects/socket-activated-containers.html
#21: Container Integration http://0pointer.net/blog/systemd-for-administrators-part-xxi.html
see also:    http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/



 summary of systemd: systemctl and journalctl commands
 displaying systemd values:

 systemctl list-jobs            display active systemd jobs
 systemctl list-units           displays status of units, loaded/active
 systemctl list-unit-files      display unit files and states
 systemctl list-dependencies    display the dependencies for a unit
 systemctl list-sockets         display sockets and activities 
 systemctl get-default          display default target (cf. run level)


 managing systemd services: (/service-name/)

 systemctl status /service-name/  display status of service
 systemctl show /service-name/    show properties of a service
 systemctl enable /service-name/  enable a service to start on boot
 systemctl start /service-name/   manually start a service
 systemctl reload /service-name/  manually reload config files for a service
 systemctl restart /service-name/ manually restart a running service
 systemctl stop /service-name/    manually stop a running service
 systemctl disable /service-name/ disable a service so it won't start on boot 
 systemctl -H /hostname/ status network   run systemctl commands remotely


 changing systemd states:

 systemctl reboot           reboot (reboot.target)
 systemctl default          returns to default (multi-user.target)
 systemctl emergency        enter emergency mode (emergency.target)
 systemctl poweroff         power down (poweroff.target)

 viewing  journalctl logs:

 journalctl                         display log messages
 journalctl -f                      tail log messages - real time viewing
 journalctl -k                      display kernel messages
 journalctl -u network.service      display network messages


 NOTES:
when executed as a mere mortal:
--> journalctl
Hint: You are currently not seeing messages from other users and the system.
      Users in the 'systemd-journal' group can see all messages. Pass -q to
      turn off this notice.

--> sudo journalctl
-- Logs begin at Mon 2016-11-21 00:02:13 PST, end at Fri 2018-03-09 17:42:54 PST. --
Nov 21 00:02:13 linux-ivfk systemd-journald[108]: Runtime journal (/run/log/journal/) is currently using 8.0M.
                                                  Maximum allowed usage is set to 395.8M.
                                                  Leaving at least 593.7M free (of currently available 3.8G of space).
                                                  Enforced usage limit is thus 395.8M, of which 387.8M are still available.